Retracts of vertex sets of trees and the almost stability theorem

Just chromatic exellence in fuzzy graphs

A fuzzy graph is a symmetric binary fuzzy relation on a fuzzy subset. The concept of fuzzy sets and fuzzy relations was introduced by L.A.Zadeh in 1965cite{zl} and further studiedcite{ka}. It was Rosenfeldcite{ra} who considered fuzzy relations on fuzzy sets and developed the theory of fuzzy graphs in 1975. The concepts of fuzzy trees, blocks, bridges and cut nodes in fuzzy graph has been studi...

Eternal m-security subdivision numbers in graphs

An eternal $m$-secure set of a graph $G = (V,E)$ is aset $S_0subseteq V$ that can defend against any sequence ofsingle-vertex attacks by means of multiple-guard shifts along theedges of $G$. A suitable placement of the guards is called aneternal $m$-secure set. The eternal $m$-security number$sigma_m(G)$ is the minimum cardinality among all eternal$m$-secure sets in $G$. An edge $uvin E(G)$ is ...

On the extremal total irregularity index of n-vertex trees with fixed maximum degree

In the extension of irregularity indices, Abdo et. al. [1] defined the total irregu-larity of a graph G = (V, E) as irrt(G) = 21 Pu,v∈V (G) du − dv, where du denotesthe vertex degree of a vertex u ∈ V (G). In this paper, we investigate the totalirregularity of trees with bounded maximal degree Δ and state integer linear pro-gramming problem which gives standard information about extremal trees a...

Snakes and Caterpillars in Graceful Graphs

Graceful labelings use a prominent place among difference vertex labelings. In this work we present new families of graceful graphs all of them obtained applying a general substitution result. This substitution is applied here to replace some paths with some trees with a more complex structures. Two caterpillars with the same size are said to be textit{analogous} if thelarger stable sets, in bo...

Vertex Equitable Labelings of Transformed Trees